Quelles sont les barrières non-tarifaires?
Obstacles non tarifaires au commerce
Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) refer to a wide range of restrictive regulations and procedures, imposed by government authorities, that make importation or exportation of products difficult and/or costly.
NTBs comprise policies of economic protectionism against foreign trade, such as prohibitions, quotas, licenses or discriminatory taxes. Restrictive customs procedures can also be NTBs. NTBs can also include the unjustified and/or improper application of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and other technical barriers to trade (TBT).
However, not all government regulations or procedures that are costly for a trader can be considered NTBs. Regulations and procedures can be justified by the protection of human, animal or plant health, the environment, or other important public policy objectives. Still, such measures should be proportionate and restrict trade as little as possible. Furthermore, they should not discriminate against foreign companies or products. Otherwise, they may be considered NTBs.
Please also refer to the categories of NTBs that are recognized under the AfCFTA.
Quelques exemples de barrières non tarifaires
Les BNT peuvent provenir de:
- Interdictions d'importation
- Quotas généraux ou spécifiques à un produit
- Règles d'origine complexes/discriminatoires
- Exigences de qualité injustifiées imposées par le pays importateur
- Conditions sanitaires et phytosanitaires injustifiées
- Exigences d’emballage, d’étiquetage et de produit injustifiées
- Détermination de l'éligibilité d'un pays exportateur par le pays importateur
- Détermination de l'éligibilité d'un établissement exportateur (entreprise, société) par le pays importateur
- Exigences excessives en matière de documentation
- Licences d'importation et leur application restrictive
- Subventions d'État
- Subventions à l'exportation
- Classement inadéquat des produits ou évaluation en douane inadéquate
- Régimes d'importation saisonniers
- Procédures douanières restrictives